Wrongful Death

Who Can File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit in Minnesota?

Many states allow a decedent’s family members or the representative of their estate to file suit for wrongful death. Minnesota allows certain surviving family members to file suit for loss of the decedent’s financial support or companionship, but they must obtain permission from a court first. State law allows “the surviving spouse or one of the next of kin” to petition a court to appoint them or another “suitable and competent person” as trustee.

Only one person may serve as trustee for the purpose of making a wrongful death claim. The trustee is responsible for distributing any money they recover in accordance with state law. They must file a bond with the court to secure their performance of this obligation.

Children of the Deceased

A decedent’s adult child is considered “next of kin” in Minnesota and is therefore eligible for appointment as the trustee.

Spouse at the Time of Death

A decedent’s surviving spouse can petition for appointment as trustee as long as they were married when the decedent died.

Parents of a Young, Deceased Child

If the decedent was a minor, their parents are considered their closest next of kin. A parent may serve as the trustee.

Siblings If There Were No Surviving Children or Parents

In the absence of a spouse, parents, or adult children, siblings are considered the closest next of kin.

What Is the Statute of Limitations for Wrongful Death Claims in Minnesota?

Minnesota law sets a deadline known as the statute of limitations for filing a personal injury lawsuit. Different types of claims have different statutes of limitations.

The time period may begin on the date of death, or on the date that the plaintiff first learned that they have a legal claim. The “discovery of harm” rule bases the deadline on when the plaintiff discovered that the death was the result of negligence, recklessness, or an intentional act. A decedent’s family might have no reason to suspect that their loved one’s death was the result of medical malpractice until months or even years later when new evidence emerges. Minnesota law, therefore, may set two deadlines, with the later date setting an absolute limitation on filing a lawsuit.

For wrongful death lawsuits, the length of the statute of limitations depends on the type of act or omission that allegedly led to the decedent’s death.

• If the death was the result of an intentional act constituting murder, no statute of limitations applies.
• If medical malpractice caused the decedent’s death, the deadline is three years from the date of death, but no later than four years from the date of the medical error.
• In all other wrongful death cases, the statute of limitations is three years, but no later than six years.

Suppose that medical malpractice resulted in a person’s death on January 1, 2022.

• If the person’s family members knew about the health care provider’s negligence right away, the three-year statute of limitations ends on January 1, 2025.
• If they did not learn about it until July 1, 2022, however, the discovery-of-harm rule would give them until July 1, 2025 to file suit.
• No matter what happens, their right to file suit ends after four years, on January 1, 2026.
• If the family learns about the negligence on December 1, 2025, they have one month to file suit.

What Losses Can the Survivors of a Loved One Receive in a Wrongful Death Claim?

Damages in a wrongful death case are based on financial losses experienced by the decedent’s surviving family members, not the decedent’s losses. Most damages that are available for wrongful death are known as “compensatory damages,” since they try to compensate the decedent’s loved ones for what they have lost:

• Economic damages include losses that family members have had to pay directly to others, such as medical bills and funeral costs.
• Non-economic damages represent more subjective losses like the loss of a loved one’s companionship and affection.

A trustee in a wrongful death may also be able to recover punitive damages in especially egregious cases. Punitive damages do not compensate the plaintiff for any specific loss. Instead, their purpose is to punish the defendant. The trustee must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with “deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others.”

Funeral Expenses

A trustee can recover costs associated with the decedent’s funeral in a wrongful death claim. This may include mortuary costs, the cost of the funeral or memorial service itself, and costs associated with burial or cremation.

Medical Expenses

Medical expenses are a common type of economic damage in personal injury cases. A trustee in a wrongful death case can recover the cost of medical treatment that the decedent received as a result of the injuries that ultimately led to their death. In a wrongful death case arising from a motorcycle accident, for example, medical expenses may include treatment received in an emergency room or intensive care unit in an effort to save the decedent’s life. These expenses can be substantial, especially when a person fights hard to stay alive, but the doctors, nurses, and others are unsuccessful.

Loss of the Deceased’s Income

In a Minnesota wrongful death lawsuit, a decedent’s spouse and children can recover the lost income that would have helped support them. This may include lost wages during the period between the decedent’s injury and their death, and the loss of the decedent’s future earnings.

The amount that a trustee can recover is not necessarily equal to the actual amount the decedent earned or would have earned. State law allows a spouse and other next of kin to recover “the pecuniary loss resulting from the death.” The amount of pecuniary loss is based on many factors, including past and likely future income. The point is to compensate the surviving family members for the support they would have received from the decedent.

Lost wages prior to the time of death are relatively easy to prove. The trustee only needs to produce wage statements or other records of their earnings to show how much they would have earned during a given period of time. If a decedent was in an accident on a Monday, and they died because of their injuries on the following Saturday, their lost wages would cover the amount of time they normally would have worked between those days, such as Tuesday through Friday.

Future income is not as easy to calculate. It requires assumptions about various factors like the decedent’s life expectancy had their injuries not occurred.

Loss of Companionship and Protection

The impact of the loss of a loved one may differ depending on different people’s relationships with the decedent. The emotional impact of the loss can feel greater than the financial consequences. Non-economic damages can try to provide financial compensation for a fundamentally emotional loss, but state law limits their availability in wrongful death cases.

While it is impossible to make any kind of universal statement, Minnesota recognizes that a person’s death is likely to have a more profound effect on that person’s spouse than on others who knew the person. A surviving spouse can recover a type of damage that is not available to anyone else.

Loss of companionship and protection, also known as loss of consortium, is a form of non-economic damage that attempts to compensate a surviving spouse for the loss of their partner. The Minnesota Supreme Court has limited its availability to spouses. A decedent’s children, for example, cannot recover loss of consortium damages.

Loss of consortium is a “derivative claim” under Minnesota law, meaning that a trustee must first make a case that allows them to recover other types of damages. They cannot bring a claim solely for loss of consortium.

Mental Pain and Suffering

Minnesota allows accident victims and other injured victims to recover non-economic damages for the physical, mental, and emotional pain they have suffered as a result of their injuries. Surviving family members may also be able to recover damages for the emotional impact of losing the decedent.

What Are Some Benefits of Having a Wrongful Death Lawyer?

A wrongful death claim can be complicated in both legal and factual terms. When you have suffered the loss of a close family member, the demands of this kind of claim can be overwhelming.

An experienced wrongful death attorney understands the complex legal requirements. They can determine the value of a wrongful death claim, offering an assessment of economic and non-economic damages. They also know how grief can affect families who are trying to assert their legal rights. A wrongful death lawyer can help address the profound emotional issues affecting you and your family. They will focus on recovering the highest amount possible for your loss while you focus on the grieving process.

Are You Suffering from the Wrongful Death of a Loved One?

The wrongful death attorneys at Kirshbaum Injury Law have many years of experience helping families in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and throughout Minnesota who are dealing with a legal claim over the death of a loved one. Our experience provides us with the knowledge to protect your rights and financial future, and to get results for you. If a loved one has died unnecessarily, we will pursue all available legal remedies to ensure that you receive the maximum compensation. Request a free consultation with an experienced wrongful death attorney today by calling (952) 545-2700 or completing the online contact form.

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